Horizon Accord | Paladin App | Subscription Traps | App Store Accountability | Machine Learning

Paladin and the Off-Platform Subscription Trap

When billing is routed outside the platform where trust is established, visibility disappears—and consumers carry the risk.

By Cherokee Schill (Horizon Accord Founder)

Thesis

Paladin markets itself as an educational alternative to doomscrolling: history, facts, and “learning without noise.” But user reviews tell a different story. Across months of public feedback, users describe undisclosed pricing, subscription enrollment after onboarding, and large annual charges that do not appear in Google Play’s subscription manager.

This is not a content critique. It is a billing architecture issue.

Paladin is distributed through Google Play while allowing subscriptions to be routed through third-party processors outside Google’s billing system. That structure creates a visibility gap: users reasonably believe they are not subscribed because Google Play shows no active subscription—until a charge appears anyway.

What a Subscription Trap Looks Like

Working definition: A subscription trap is a business model where sign-up is streamlined, pricing is delayed or obscured, billing is escalated by default, and cancellation or verification requires navigating degraded or indirect pathways.

The harm does not come from one screen. It comes from the sequence.

Evidence From User Reports

1. Subscriptions not visible in Google Play

Multiple users report checking Google Play’s subscription manager, seeing no active subscription, and later being charged anyway.

“It was NOT LISTED in Google Play under subscriptions so I assumed I wasn’t subscribed and then got charged $50.”1

This is a critical signal. Google Play trains users to rely on its subscription dashboard as the authoritative source of truth.

2. Large charges after trial without clear upfront disclosure

“I was notified this is a 7 day trial, then $69.99/yr. Would have preferred the app explained this wasn’t free right from the beginning.”2

“After my free trial was up, the app pulled nearly $75 off my account and automatically subscribed me to their yearly subscription.”3

Annual billing is consistently described as the default escalation.

3. Third-party billing explanations users do not recognize

“They said my sign up was through a third party app or something I had never heard of… also didn’t even have an account when I looked into it.”1

When users cannot identify the system that enrolled them, meaningful consent is compromised.

How Off-Platform Billing Works (Explainer)

Paladin’s Terms of Service explicitly allow subscriptions to be processed outside Google Play via web payment processors such as Stripe or Paddle. In these cases:

  • The app is discovered and installed through Google Play.
  • Payment authorization occurs via an external flow.
  • The subscription may not appear in Google Play’s subscription manager.
  • Cancellation requires locating the third-party processor—not the app store.

This creates a structural asymmetry. The platform that distributes the app does not reliably surface the billing relationship, yet users are conditioned to look there.

This is not hypothetical. It is exactly what users are reporting.

Why This Matters

When billing visibility is fragmented:

  • Users cannot easily confirm whether they are subscribed.
  • Cancellations are delayed or misdirected.
  • Disputes escalate to banks and chargebacks.
  • The cost of enforcement shifts from the company to the consumer.

This is not a “confusing UI” problem. It is a governance problem.

Advertising Funnel Imbalance

At the same time users report billing confusion and surprise charges, Paladin continues to run sponsored placements on Google and social platforms.

This creates a funnel imbalance: rapid acquisition paired with unresolved downstream billing complaints. Regulators treat this pattern as a warning signal because harm compounds as volume increases.

What Google Play Could Do—Immediately

Google Play is not a passive distributor. It controls app discovery, policy enforcement, and—often—billing expectations.

Concrete actions Google could take now:

  1. Trigger a billing integrity review to compare cancellation timestamps with charge attempts.
  2. Require corrective disclosures explaining off-platform billing before install or onboarding.
  3. Override developer refund policies when duplicate or post-cancellation charges are documented.
  4. Pause paid promotion until billing complaints are resolved.
  5. Require transaction-level responses instead of boilerplate denials.

None of this requires new laws. It requires enforcement.

How to File Formal Complaints

Federal Trade Commission (U.S.)

File a consumer fraud complaint at reportfraud.ftc.gov. Include screenshots of charges, onboarding screens, subscription status, and support emails.

State Attorney General

Find your AG at naag.org/find-my-ag. Submit the same documentation.

Google Play

On the app’s listing, select “Flag as inappropriate” → billing or subscription deception. Attach screenshots showing the subscription not appearing in Google Play.

Call to Recognition

This is not about whether Paladin’s content is “good” or “bad.” It is about whether users can clearly see, verify, and exit a paid relationship.

When subscriptions move off-platform without clear, unavoidable disclosure, consumers lose the ability to protect themselves. That is not innovation. It is extraction through opacity.

Buyer beware means naming the structure—before more people learn the hard way.

Footnotes (User Review Excerpts)

1 Google Play user review by V.B., dated 8/24/2025.

2 Google Play user review by Taylor Roth, dated 4/9/2025.

3 Google Play user review by Wyatt Hofacker, dated 4/26/2025.


Website | https://www.horizonaccord.com
Ethical AI advocacy | https://cherokeeschill.com
Ethical AI coding | https://github.com/Ocherokee/ethical-ai-framework
Connect | linkedin.com/in/cherokee-schill
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Horizon Accord | Consumer Protection | Subscription Fraud | Platform Accountability | Machine Learning

Nibble, Kremital Limited, and the Subscription Trap Business Model

When an app’s revenue depends on billing confusion and cancellation friction, the product isn’t “learning”—it’s extraction.

By Cherokee Schill

Thesis

Nibble: Your Bite of Knowledge presents itself as a frictionless educational alternative to doomscrolling. The publisher listed is Kremital Limited, registered in Cyprus. A growing body of user reports describes a recurring pattern: multiple charges, unclear add-ons, hard-to-find cancellation pathways, and refunds denied by policy language. That pattern tracks a known subscription-trap model: easy entry paired with a costly, friction-laden exit.

Working definition: A subscription trap is a business model where sign-up is streamlined, billing is layered or confusing, and cancellation or refund paths are degraded so revenue persists through user friction rather than product value.

Evidence

Example 1: Multiple charges and unclear add-ons

Users report being charged more than once in a short time window and being billed for add-ons they say were not clearly disclosed as separate purchases.

“I was charged three times on the same day, within the same hour… I was also charged separately for ‘infographics,’ which was not clearly disclosed as an upgrade.”1

Example 2: Charges that don’t match the advertised deal

Users describe seeing one price in marketing, then finding additional or larger charges in their payment history afterward.

“Saw an ad… signed up for their special $5.99… they had charged me $19.99 and an additional $11.99… they advised I signed up for it. I absolutely did NOT.”2

Example 3: Cancellation friction and ongoing billing

Users describe difficulty canceling recurring payments, with some stating they can uninstall the app but still struggle to stop charges cleanly.

“I can delete the app, but not cancel the recurring payments… $50 a pop until I do figure it out.”3

Implications

This pattern matters because it shifts the risk and labor onto the user. If the model relies on confusion, users become the enforcement mechanism—forced into bank disputes, chargebacks, and platform escalation. That is a structural transfer of cost: the company retains predictable revenue while consumers pay with time, stress, and financial uncertainty.

Why Cyprus is relevant (fact-pattern, not rhetoric)

Investigative reporting has repeatedly documented Cyprus as a high-volume registration hub used in corporate structures where beneficial ownership is harder for the public to see quickly. When a consumer-facing app registered there accumulates billing and cancellation complaints, the jurisdictional distance amplifies consumer risk and complicates accountability. This scrutiny is routine in financial and consumer-protection reporting and does not imply wrongdoing absent further findings.

Public Cyprus corporate registry listings identify Chrystalla Mylona as a director and company secretary for Kremital Limited. Public-facing records do not typically provide immediate, no-cost clarity on beneficial ownership, which is part of why investigators treat Cyprus-registered consumer businesses with heightened scrutiny when repeated consumer harm signals are present.

Call to Recognition

This is not about “a startup being messy.” It is about a recognizable extraction loop: promote a feel-good product, gate basic functionality behind paywalls, layer charges, and make exit paths slow or unclear. When enough users independently report the same billing and cancellation harms, the appropriate response is documentation, formal complaints, and platform pressure until corrective action occurs or distribution is halted.

How to File Formal Complaints

Federal Trade Commission (United States)

File a consumer fraud complaint at reportfraud.ftc.gov. Include screenshots of charges, subscription status, cancellation attempts, and any support correspondence.

State Attorney General (United States)

Find your state’s consumer protection office at naag.org/find-my-ag. Submit the same evidence packet and note any duplicate charges or post-cancellation billing attempts.

Google Play

On the app’s listing, select “Flag as inappropriate” and choose the category most closely matching billing or subscription deception. Attach screenshots when prompted.


Update: Post-Cancellation Charge Attempts and Response Pattern

Additional user reviews strengthen the documented pattern. One review, marked “helpful” by dozens of other users, describes repeated payment attempts months after cancellation.

“I cancelled the subscription a few months ago… somehow they keep trying to charge my card. Last time was a week ago. I get these notifications all the time.”4

The reviewer notes that a successful charge would cause immediate financial harm, underscoring the real-world stakes of continued billing attempts.

Kremital Limited’s public reply to this review does not address the reported behavior. Instead, it offers a generalized assurance:

“We cannot charge you for anything you haven’t agreed to. All the conditions are always mentioned before the purchase is made.”5

This response does not explain why payment attempts continued after cancellation, nor does it document when billing ceased. Across multiple reviews, the same response posture appears: denial without transaction-level clarification.

Why this matters: In consumer-protection enforcement, attempted charges after cancellation—even when blocked by insufficient funds or bank controls—are treated as billing events, not hypothetical harm.

Advertising Pressure and Funnel Imbalance

While users report billing and cancellation issues, Nibble continues to run sponsored placements across Google and social platforms. Users encountering these ads have publicly questioned the product’s practices, including whether the advertising itself is misleading.

This establishes a funnel imbalance: high-velocity acquisition paired with unresolved downstream billing complaints. That pattern is a core signal regulators use when evaluating subscription abuse.

What Google Play Could Do — Immediately

Google Play is not a passive intermediary. It controls distribution, billing infrastructure, refunds, and enforcement. When an app accumulates repeated billing and cancellation complaints, the platform already has the authority—and the data—to intervene.

  1. Trigger a billing integrity review. Google can audit transaction logs to determine whether charges or charge attempts occurred after cancellation timestamps.
  2. Require corrective disclosures. Google can mandate unavoidable pricing, add-on, and cancellation disclosures as a condition of continued distribution.
  3. Enforce refund pathways. When duplicate or post-cancellation charges are reported, Google can issue refunds directly, overriding developer policy.
  4. Pause paid acquisition. Temporarily halting sponsored placements prevents new users from entering a potentially harmful billing funnel during review.
  5. Demand transaction-level responses. Boilerplate assurances are insufficient when transaction-specific disputes are documented.

Platform responsibility is not abstract. When a platform controls billing, enforcement, and distribution, inaction becomes a decision.


Footnotes (User Review Excerpts)

1 Google Play user review, dated 12/29/2025 (multiple charges; “infographics” add-on).

2 Google Play user review, dated 12/15/2025 (advertised price followed by additional charges).

3 Google Play user review, dated 12/24/2025 (difficulty canceling; ongoing billing).

4 Google Play user review by Audrey Todd, dated 10/26/2025 (post-cancellation charge attempts).

5 Public developer response by Kremital Limited, dated 10/27/2025.


Website | Horizon Accord

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